National Library of Russia

National Library of Russia

The National Library of Russia in Saint military blockade (known as a results of the Imperial library from 1795 to 1917; Russian library from 1917 to 1925; State library from 1925 to 1992 (since 1932 named once M.Saltykov-Shchedrin); NLR), isn't solely the oldest library within the nation, however additionally the primary national library within the country. The NLR is presently stratified among the world’s major libraries. It has the second richest library assortment within the Russian Federation, a treasury of national heritage, and is the All-Russian Information, Research and Cultural Center. Over the course of its history, the Library has aimed for comprehensive acquisition of the national printed output and has provided free access to its collections. It mustn't be confused with the Russian State Library, located in Moscow.

History

EstablishmentThe Imperial library was established in 1795 by Catherine the nice. It was supported the Załuski Library, the famous Polish national library built by Bishop Załuski in Warsaw, which had been seized by the Russians in 1794 after the Partitions of Poland.[2]

The idea of a library in Russia emerged within the early eighteenth century[3] however didn't form till the arrival of the Russian Enlightenment. The arrange of a Russian library was submitted to Catherine in 1766 however the Empress didn't approve the project for the imperial library till twenty seven could [O.S. 16 May] 1795, eighteen months before her death. A website for the building was found at the corner of Nevsky Avenue and Sadovaya Street, right in the center of the Russian Imperial capital.

1814-1917

The Imperial library was inaugurated on fourteen Jan [O.S. 2 January] 1814 within the presence of Gavrila Derzhavin and Ivan Krylov. Over a hundred thousand titles were issued to the guests within the 1st 3 decades, and also the second Library building (designed by Carlo Rossi) facing the Catherine Garden was erected between 1832-1835 to accommodate the growing collections.

The library's third, and arguably most famed, director was Aleksey Olenin (1763–1843). His 32-year tenure at the helm, with Sergey Uvarov serving as his deputy, raised the profile of the library among Russian intellectuals. The library staff basined outstanding men of letters and students like Ivan Krylov, Konstantin Batyushkov, Nikolay Gnedich, Anton Delvig, Mikhail Zagoskin, Alexander Vostokov, and Father Ioakinf, to name but a few.

Librarianship progressed to a new level in the 1850s. The reader community grew many times, enlarged by people. At an equivalent time, several gifts of books were offered to the library. Consequently, collection growth rates in the 1850s were five times higher than the annual growth rate of five thousand new acquired during the first part of the century. In 1859, Vasily Sobolshchikov ready the primary national manual of humanistic discipline for the library entitled library Facilities and Cataloguing.[9] By 1864, the general public Library control virtually ninety per cent of all Russian printed output.

The inflow of recent guests needed a bigger room within the new building closing the library court on the perimeter (designed by Sobolshchikov, built in 1860—62). The guests were offered such novelties as continuous area service by library staff members, a reference table, printed catalogues and guide books, lists of new acquisitions, and longer hours of service within the room (10 a.m. to 9 p.m)

20th century

In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, the institution was placed under the management of Ernest Radlov and Nicholas Marr, although its national preeminence was relinquished to the Lenin State Library in Moscow. The library was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1939 and remained open throughout the grotesque besieging of Leningrad. In 1948, the neoclassic field of the Catherine Institute on the Fontanka mound (Giacomo Quarenghi, 1804–07) was assigned to the library. By 1970, the Library contained over seventeen,000,000 items. The modern building for the book deposit was erected on Moskovsky Prospekt within the Nineteen Eighties and Nineties.

The National Library began a large-scale digitisation project at the tip of the twentieth century. By 2012 the Library, along with its counterpart in Moscow, had around 80,000 titles available electronically.

References

Legal Deposit Law

Stuart (1989) p 201

Императорская Публичная библиотека за сто лет [A Hundred Years of Imperial Public Library], 1814–1914. SPb : print. by V.F. Kirschbaum, 1914. P. 1.

Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, printed within the Imperial Russia within the early decade

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd. edition

Оленин А. Н. Опыт нового библиографического порядка для Санкт-Петербургской Публичной библиотеки [Tentative bibliographic theme for the general public Library in Saint Petersburg]. SPb, 1809. 8, 112 p.

Положение о управлении имп. Публичною библиотекою // Акты, относящиеся до нового образования Императорской библиотеки... [ Imp. Library administration/ In: Acts regarding the inspiration of Imperial Library...] [SPb.], 1810. pp. 8—11.

Логутова, М.Г. (2004–2005). ""ПОСЛУЖНОЙ СПИСОК" П.П.ДУБРОВСКОГО" (PDF). Археографический ежегодник: 391–392. ISBN 5-02-034015-4.

Собольщиков В.И. Об устройстве общественных библиотек и составлении их каталогов [Sobolshikov V.I. Public library structure and cataloguing]. SPb., 1859. 6, 56 p.

"Russian History and the Digital Age". Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. 13 (4): 765–768.

In RussianИстория Государственной ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Публичной библиотеки имени М. Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина. — Ленинград: Лениздат, 1963. — 435 с., [15] л. ил.

История Библиотеки в биографиях её директоров, 1795—2005 / Российская национальная библиотека. — Санкт-Петербург, 2006. — 503, [1] с.: ил. — ISBN 5-8192-0263-5.

External links

Official site of the library

Russian National Library on the Fontanka Embankment

Russian National Library on the Moscow Prospect

The personal library of Voltaire as exhibited within the RNL